Fiber Optic Installation (FTTH, FTTO, FTTx) – Complete Guide

1. Introduction

• What is fiber optics?

• Difference between FTTH, FTTO, FTTB, FTTLa…

• Advantages over copper (ADSL/VDSL).

2. Basic principles

• Structure of a fiber optic cable.

• Fiber types (single-mode, multi-mode).

• Connectors (SC/APC, SC/UPC, LC, etc.).

• Boxes, drawers and sharing points.

3. Standards and safety

• International standards (ITU-T, IEC).

• Optical safety (invisible laser).

• Construction site safety (PPE, markings).

4. Necessary tools and equipment

• Optical welder.

• Cleaver, cleaners, pliers.

• Reflectometer (OTDR).

• Power meter & laser source.

5. FTTH (Fiber To The Home) installation

• Site survey and cable routing.

• Fiber passage (sheath, aerial, facade).

• Connection to the Optical Branch Point (PBO).

• Solders, connectors and jumpers.

• Installation of the PTO (Optical Terminal Socket).

• Connecting the ONT/Client Box.

6. FTTO (Fiber To The Office) Installation

• Differences from FTTH.

• Network sizing (professional needs).

• Connection to the NRO / OLT operator.

• Management of optical bays and drawers.

• Security and redundancy (dual path, SLA).

7. Measurements and validation

• Optical continuity test.

• Loss measurement (dB).

• OTDR: interpretation of curves.

• Operator validation.

8. Maintenance and troubleshooting

• Cleaning the connectors.

• Fault location (OTDR, photometer).

• Garter replacement.

• Rapid response management.

9. Annexes

• Glossary of technical terms.

• Allowable loss tables.

• Examples of FTTH & FTTO diagrams.

• Intervention checklist.